[Magnetic Magnesium Isotope Accelerates ATP Hydrolysis Catalyzed by Myosin].

In this paper, we present the results of experimental studies on the influence of different magnesium isotopes, the magnetic 25Mg and nonmagnetic 24Mg and 26Mg on ATP activity of the isolated myosin subfragment-1. The reaction rate in the presence of magetic 25Mg isotope turned out to be 2.0-2.5 times higher than that using nonmagnetic 24Mg and 2 Mg isotopes. No magnetic isotope effect was observed in the absence of the enzyme as in spontaneous ATP hydrolysis in aqueous solution. Hence, a significant catalytic effect of the magnetic 25Mg isotope (nuclear spin catalysis) was observed in the enzymatic hydrolysis of ATP.

Calix[4]arene C-90 and its analogs activate ATPase of the myometrium myosin subfragment-1.

Numerous female reproductive abnormalities are consequences of disorders in uterus smooth muscle (myometrium) contractile function. In this work, we described activators of ATPase, which could be used for development of effective treatments for correcting this dysfunction. Myosin ATPase localized in the catalytic domain of myosin subfragment-1 transforms a chemical energy deposited in macroergic bonds of ATP into mechanical movement. It was shown that сalix[4]arene C-90 and its structural analogs functionalized at the upper rim of macrocycle with four or at least two N-phenylsulfonуltrifluoroacetamidine groups, are able to activate ATP hydrolysis catalyzed by myometrium myosin subfragment-1. It was shown with the method of computer modeling that N-phenylsulfonуltrifluoroacetamidine groups of calix[4]arene C-90 interact with responsible for binding, coordination and the hydrolysis of ATP amino acid residues of myosin subfragment-1. The results can be used for further research aimed at using calix[4]arene C-90 and its analogs as pharmacological compounds that can effectively normalize myometrium contractile hypofunction.

CALIX[4]ARENE C-99 INHIBITS MYOSIN ATPase ACTIVITY AND CHANGES THE ORGANIZATION OF CONTRACTILE FILAMENTS OF MYOMETRIUM.

Calix[4]arenes are cup-like macrocyclic (polyphenolic) compounds, they are regarded as promising molecular "platforms" for the design of new physiologically active compounds. We have earlier found that calix[4]arene C-99 inhibits the ATPase activity of actomyosin and myosin subfragment-1 of pig uterus in vitro. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction of calix[4]arene C-99 with myosin from rat uterine myocytes. It was found that the ATPase activity of myosin prepared from pre-incubated with 100 mM of calix[4]arene C-99 myocytes was almost 50% lower than in control. Additionally, we have revealed the effect of calix[4]arene C-99 on the subcellular distribution of actin and myosin in uterus myocytes by the method of confocal microscopy. This effect can be caused by reorganization of the structure of the contractile smooth muscle cell proteins due to their interaction with calix[4]arene. The obtained results demonstrate the ability of calix[4]arene C-99 to penetrate into the uterus muscle cells and affect not only the myosin ATPase activity, but also the structure of the actin and myosin filaments in the myometrial cells. Demonstrated ability of calix[4]arene C-99 can be used for development of new pharmacological agents for efficient normalization of myometrial contractile hyperfunction.

[Protective effect of tiacalix[4]arene-tetrasulphonate on heavy metal inhibition of myometrium myosin subfragment-1 ATP-hydrolase activity].

Heavy metals have a negative effect on the contractility of uterine smooth muscles (myometrium), these effects can lead to various pathologies of a women reproductive system. To overcome these effects the methods for correcting the myometrium contractile activity are to be developed. Catalyzed by myosin ATPase ATP hydrolysis is the most important reaction in the molecular mechanism of myometrium contraction. We have found an inhibitory effect of 0.03-0.3 mM Ni2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+ on enzymatic hydrolysis of ATP by myosin subfragment-1 obtained from swine uterine smooth muscles. We have demonstrated that 100 µM thiacalix[4]arene-tetrasulphonate (C-798) recovered to the control level of ATPase activity of myosin subfragment-1 in the presence of heavy metal cations. One of the most probable mechanisms of C-798 corrective activity is based on its ability to chelate heavy metals, thus cations Pb, Cd and Ni can be removed from the incubation medium. Computer simulation has demonstrated that the protective effect of C-798 may also be the result of weakening the interaction of heavy metal ions with amino acid residues of the myosin molecule near the active site of ATP hydrolase. The obtained results can be used for further research aimed at assessing the prospects of thiacalix[4]arene-tetrasulfonate as pharmacological compounds.

[Structural and functional bases of the intermolecular interaction of calix[4]arene C-97 with myosin subfragment-1 of myometrium].

Calix[4]arene C-97 (code is shown) is the macrocyclic compound which has lipophilic intramolecular higly-structured cavity formed by four aromatic cycles, one of which on the upper rim is modified by methylene bisphosphonic group. It was shown that calix[4]arene C-97 (100 microM) efficiently inhibits ATPase activity of myosin subfragment-1 from pig myometrium, the inhibition coefficient I(0.5) being 83 +/- 7 microM. At the same time, this compound at 100 microM concentration significantly increases the effective hydrodynamic diameter of myosin subfragment-1, that may be indicative of intermolecular complexation between the calix[4]arene and myosin head. Computer simulation methods (docking, molecular dynamics, involving the Grid) have been used to clarify structural basis of the intermolecular interaction of calix[4]arene C-97 with myosin subfragment-1 of the myometrium; participation of hydrophobic, electrostatic and pi-pi (stacking) interactions between calix[4]arene C-97 and amino acid residues of myosin subfragment-1, some of them being located near the active site of the ATPase has been found out.

[Influence of heavy metal ions on the ATPase activity of actomyosin complex and myosin subfragment-1 from smooth muscle of the uterus].

The effect of divalent cations--Co2+, Cu2+, Mn2+ and Ni2+ (5 mM) on the activity of actomyosin complex ATPase and ATPase of subfragment-1 (S1,head) of myosin from smooth muscle of the uterus was studied. It has been shown that Co2+, Mn2+ and Ni2+ inhibited, while Cu2+ activates the enzyme activity of both actomyosin and myosin S1. Mg and Mn ions had practically no effect on the emission intensity of eosin Y associated with actomyosin, while one could observe the most marked suppression of emission of related fluorescent probe in the presence of Cu cations and less pronounced suppression in the presence of Co2+. In the presence of Mn, Co and Ni cations the average hydrodynamic diameter (HD) of actomyosin complex and of subfragment-1 of the smooth muscle of the uterus is virtually identical to the HD in the presence of Mg2+. In the presence of Cu cations there is a considerable (ten-fold) increase in the size of the protein particles that may be a result of their aggregation. The results obtained evidence for the significant changes in the structure and function of the actomyosin complex of the myometrium in the presence of heavy metals and allow us to assume that the target of the effect of these metals on the contractile proteins is a subfragment-1 of myosin, where the active site of ATPase and actin-binding sites are localized.

[Computer modeling of interaction of calix[4]arene C-99 with subfragment-1 of myometrium myosin].

In this work the computer design of interaction of calix[4]aren C-99 with a substrate-binding center of a functionally active area of a subfragment-1 myosin of the myometrium is carried out. It is shown when using methodology of molecular docking the receipt of ligand-receptor complexes which have geometry concerted with experimental data is possible. The cross-coupling of ATP and calix[4]aren C-99 on their orientation in ligand-binding center of subfragment-1 myosin of myometrium has been studied.

[Kinetic regularities and mechanisms of action of calix[4]arene C-99 on ATPase activity of myosin subfragment-1 of myometrium].

It has been shown that calix[4]arene C-99 inhibited myosin subfragment-1 ATPase of myometrium. This inhibition is noncompetitive as to ATP and Mg2+. At the same time, this compound reduces the seeming enzymatic hydrolysis maximum rate of nucleoside triphosphate with respect to ATP and Mg2+. With the help of computer design the interaction of mentioned calix[4]arene with myosin subfragment-1 of myometrium has been investigated. Several mechanisms involved in the calix[4]arene C-99 inhibition of myosin head ATPase were supposed and participation of hydrogen, hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions in these mechanisms was discussed.

[Effect of dielectric permeability and temperature of culture media on inhibitory action of eosin Y on actomyosine ATPase of the uterine smooth muscles].

Influence of dielectric permeability and incubation medium temperature on sensitivity of ATPase of contractile protein complex to eosin Y was studied on preparations of uterine smooth muscle actomyosin. It was shown, that a decrease of dielectric permeability from 74.1 to 68.8 is accompanied by inhibition of activity of actomyosin ATPase by 30%. Administration of eosin Y to the incubation medium intensifies the inhibition of activity of actomyosin ATPase, that correlates with a decrease of dielectric permeability and increase of eosin Y concentration. Catalytic titration of actomyosin ATPase by eosin Y (from 10(-7) to 10(-5) M) on the background of a change of dielectric permeability (from 741 to 68.8) shows, that curve of dependence of ATPase activity on the inhibitor concentration is characterized by a lower value of enzymatic activity and its quicker decay at D 68.8 than at D 74.1. Under a decrease of dielectric permeability from 74.1 to 68.8 the observed decrease of the value of inhibition coefficient from 0.74 +/- 0.07 to 0.10 +/- 0.01 MKM, that can evidence for the essential role of electrostatic interactions in the binding of eosin Y with smooth muscle actomyosin. Studies of energy aspects of the mechanism of an eosin Y action on ATP-hydrolase activity of smooth muscle contractive proteins (determination of temperature dependence and activation energy E(o)) show that the inhibitory effect of eosin Y on myometrium actomyosin ATPase activity is connected with an increase of the reaction energy barrier. That is, the effect of eosin Y on actomyosin ATPase activity is shown not only on catalytic but also on thermodynamic levels.

[Effect of calix[4]arenes on the activity of actomyosin ATPase and actomyosin subfragment-1 ATPase from the myometrium].

We studied the effect of calix[4]arenes C-97, C-99 and C-107 (codes are shown) functionalized by: one fragment of methylene-bisphosphonic, two fragments of hydroxy-phosphonic and two fragments of amino(methyl)phosphonic acids, respectively, on the enzymatic activity of actomyosin ATPase and ATPase of subfragment-1 (head) of myosin from smooth muscle of the uterus. It has been shown that calixarene C-107 at a concentration of 100 microM activated enzymatic activity of actomyosin ATPase by 230 +/- 12% (the value of the apparent constant of activation A0.5 = 9.6 +/- 0.7 microM). At the same time, 100 microM calixarenes C-97 and C-99 inhibited the activity by 70 +/- 8% and 50 +/- 9%, respectively (the value of the apparent constants of inhibition being I0.5 = 84.0 +/- 2.0 and 98.8 +/- 1.3 microM). In the experiments carried out with the myosin subfragment-1 ATPase it was shown that 100 microM calixarene C-107 increased ATP hydrolysis more than twice (A0.5 = 25 +/- 4 microM) and 100 microM calixarene C-99 inhibited activity by 77 +/- 4% (I0.5 = 43 +/- 8 microM). Photon correlation spectroscopy has shown an increase of average hydrodynamic diameters (D(av)) of subfragment-1 in the presence of calixarene C-107. This correlates with an increase of calixarene concentration. In addition, in the presence of calixarene C-107 one could observe a time-dependent increase of D(av) in the smooth muscle myosin head. The data presented demonstrates that the calixarenes which we have studied, can influence uterus smooth muscle at the level of the contractile proteins, namely the ATPase of the catalytic domain of the myosin head.

[Comparative study of calixarene effect on Mg2+ -dependent ATP-hydrolase enzymatic systems from smooth muscle cells of the uterus].

Investigation the influence of calyx[4]arenes C-90, C-91, C-97 and C-99 (codes are indicated) on the enzymatic activity of four functionally different Mg2+ -dependent ATPases from smooth muscle of the uterus: actomyosin ATPase, transporting Ca2+, Mg2+ -ATPase, ouabain-sensible Na+, K+ -ATPase and basal Mg2+ -ATPase. It was shown that calixarenes C-90 and C-91 in concentration 100 microM act multidirectionally on the functionally different Mg2+ -dependent ATP-hydrolase enzymatic systems. These compounds activate effectively the actomyosin ATPase (Ka = 52 +/- 11 microM [Ukrainian character: see text] 8 +/- 2 microM, accordingly), at the same time calixarene C-90 inhibited effectively activity of transporting Ca2+, Mg2+ -ATPase of plasmatic membranes (I(0,5) = 34.6 +/- 6.4 microM), but influence on membrane-bound Na+, K+ -ATPase and basal Mg2+ -ATPase. Calixarene C-91 reduce effectively basal Mg2+ -ATPase activity, insignificantly activating Na+, K+ -ATPase but has no influence on transporting Ca2+, Mg2+ -ATPase activity of plasmatic membranes. Calixarenes C-97 and C-99 (100 microM), which have similar structure, have monodirectional influence on activity of three functionally different Mg2+-dependent ATPases of the myometrium: actomyosin ATPase and two ATPases, that related to the ATP-hydrolases of P-type--Ca2+, Mg2+ -ATPase and Na+, K+ -ATPase of plasmatic membranes. Basal Mg2+ -ATPase is resistant to the action of these two connections. Results of comparative experiments that were obtained by catalytic titration of calixarenes C-97 and C-99 by actomyosin ATPase (I(0,5) = 88 +/- 9 and 86 +/- 8 microM accordingly) and Na+, K+ -ATPase from plasmatic membranes (I(0,5) = 33 +/- 4 and 98 +/- 8 nM accordingly) indicate to the considerably more sensitiveness of Na+, K+ -ATP-ase to these calixarenes than ATPase of contractile proteins. Thus, it is shown that calixarenes have influence on activity of a number of important enzymes, involved in functioning of the smooth muscle of the uterus and related to energy-supplies of the process of the muscle contracting and support of intracellular ionic homeostasis. The obtained results can be useful in further researches, directed at the use of calixarenes as pharmaceutical substance, able to normalize the contractile function of the uterus at some pregnancy pathologies in women's.

[pH-dependence of inhibitory action of eosin Y on ATPase activity of smooth muscle actomyosin complex of the uterus].

Research of pH-dependence of inhibitory action of eosin Y (2',4',5',7'-tetrabromofluorescin) on ATPase of contractile proteins of smooth muscles of the uterus has shown that the increase of concentration of this inhibitor (from 0.1 to 10 microM) influenced the profile of pH-dependence of ATPase activity of actomyosin: in the presence of 0.1 microM eosin Y the change of optimal value of pH has been observed in more sour side in relation to the control; at the increase of concentration of eosin Y (from 0.5 to 10 microM) the strongly pronounced optimum of pH is absents in general. The ability of eosin Y to inhibit the ATPase activity of contractile complex is dependent on pH of incubation environment. The change of pH from 6.0 to 7.2 results in a 9-fold decrease of magnitude of apparent constant of inhibition Ki (from 6.5 +/- 0.8 microM to 0.74 +/- 0.07 microM). The obtained results indicate that the diminishing of concentration of H+ in an incubation environment favors the increase of affinity ATPase of actomyosin for eosin Y and prove the important role of ionization processes in the system "enzyme-substrate-inhibitor" for realization of inhibitory action of eosin Y.

[Effect of eosin Y on Mg2+-dependent ATPase activity of the myometrium actomyosin].

The effect of the reversible inhibitor of membrane-bound Ca2+ -transporting system in smooth muscle--eosin Y--on apparent kinetic parameters that characterize the sensitivity to Mg2+ of myometrium actomyosine ATPase reaction was investigated. It is shown that eosin Y decreases an affinity of actomyosin for Mg2+ and does not influence the number of turns of the smooth muscle actomyosin ATPase activity that was defined by Mg2+. This suggests possible competition of eosin Y with Mg2+ for the active center of actomyosin ATPase. However, the negatively charged inhibitor cannot be adsorbed on Mg2+-binding site of the active center because of essential differences in size, form and charge between eosin Y and Mg2+. Most likely, eosin Y acts on uterus smooth muscle actomyosin as an allosteric inhibitor. Consequently, the mechanism of eosin Y action on ATPase activity of myometrium contractile proteins is different from the mechanism of its influence on ATP-hydrolase enzyme systems of plasmatic membranes.

[Effect of eosin Y on ATPase activity of actomyosine complex of the uterus smooth muscle].

The effect of eosin Y (2,4,5,7 - tetrabromofluorescein; 0.1-100 microM) on ATPase activity smooth muscle actomyosine was studied. The inhibition coefficient i50 of ATPase activity with eosin Y was 0.74 +/- 0.07 microM. The inhibitor decreased V(max) of actomyosine ATPase for ATP, but no influence on affinity of actomyosine for ATP was observed. It is suggested that eosin Y inhibits actomyosine ATPase activity noncompetitively in respect of ATP.

[Effect of polyamines on actomyosine-ATP-ase activity in smooth muscles of the uterus]. / Vplyv poliaminiv na ATP-aznu aktyvnist' aktomiozynu hladen'koho m'iaza matki

The ability of the aliphatic polyamines to inhibit [figure: see text] the ATPase activity of smooth muscle actomyosine satisfies the succession: spermine > spermidine > putrescine that is correlated with magnitude of positive charge at physiological value of pH. The most effective inhibitor of the ATP hydrolysis process is the spermine, which highest inhibitory action is manifested at 10(-3) M concentration, in lesser concentration (10(-5) M) activates the actomyosine ATPase. While defining the kinetic parameters of the ATP hydrolysis reaction catalyzed by uterus myometrium the correlation between inhibiting the ATPase activity of myometrium contractile complex under introduction into the incubation medium of 10(-3) M spermine and decreasing the affinity of actomyosine for ATP was made; the activating effect of spermine on ATPase activity of actomyosine complex in the presence of 10(-5) M spermine correlated with the increase of actomyosine affinity for Mg2+.

[Effect of ethanol on ATP-hydrolase activity of myometrial actomyosin]. / Vplyv etanolu na ATP-hidrolaznu aktyvnist' aktomiozynu miometriia.

In order of estimating some regularities of ethanol effective action on the uterus smooth muscles contractile proteins the effects of spiritus introduced into incubation medium on myometrium actomyosine ATP-hydrolase activity and superprecipitation was studied. ATP-hydrolase activity was displayed as more sensitive to ethanol action; its dependence on ethyl spiritus concentration had three-phase character expressed in two inhibiting and one activating sites. While defining the kinetic parameters of ATP hydrolysis reaction catalysed by uterus myometrium the correlation between inhibition the ATP-hydrolase activity of myometrium contractile complex under introducing into incubation medium 2% ethanol and decreasing the affinity of actomyosine to Mg2+ was made; the highest activating effect of ethanol on ATP-hydrolase activity of actomyosine complex in the presence of 8% ethanol correlated with increasing the affinity of actomyosine to Mg2+ and ATP.

[pH-dependence of kinetic parameters in the superprecipitation reaction and ATPase activity of myometrial actomyosin]. / pH-zalezhnist' kinetychnykh parametriv reaktsiï superpretsypitatsiï ta ATP-aznoï aktyvnosti aktomiozynu miometriia.

The investigation of pH-dependence of superprecipitation reaction and ATPase activity of myometrium actomyosin in the interval of pH 5.5-8.0 has detected cupola-shaped curves with maximal activity of both processes by pH 6.5. On the basis of calculating the constants of ionization it was supposed that in the case of actomyosin ATPase imidazole groups of two histidins had an essential role in reaction of ATP hydrolysis and in superprecipitation process--imidazol group of histidine and carboxyl group of asparagin acid. The investigation of [ATP]- and [Mg2+]-dependence of superprecipitation reaction by pH 6.0, 6.5 and 7.0 has demonstrated different pH-sensitiveness of Michaelis constants and maximal speeds relatively Mg2+ and ATP for both processes. It was shown that pH-optimum of ATPase activity of myometrium actomyosin coincided with maximal affinity of actomyosin with ATP and Mg2+ while as for superprecipitation reaction the correlation between value of process by certain pH and affinity with ATP and Mg2+ was not detected.

[Effect of heavy metal ions on superprecipitation and ATPase activity of uterine smooth muscle actomyosin activity]. / Vliianie ionov tiazhelykh metallov na superpretsipitatsiiu i ATP-aznuiu aktivnots' aktomiozina gladkoi myshtsy matki.

The inhibiting effect of Pb2+, Zn2+ and Cd2+ on Mg(2+)-dependent superprecipitation and ATPase activity of myometrium actomyosin. The inhibiting effect of heavy metals cations on the both processes satisfies the succession: Pb2+ > Zn2+ > Cd2+. Cadmium and zinc ions in concentration of 1 mM stimulate the initial velocity (v0) of Mg(2+)-dependent superprecipitation by 25% and 80%, respectively, while the lead ions under the same concentration inhibit the initial velocity by 40%. It is possible that these results evidence for the direct effect of ions of heavy metals on active-myosin interaction (tested by v0). May be that the mechanisms of Cd2+ and Zn2+ action on the one hand and Pb2+, on the other hand, on the interaction of the contractile proteins of the uterus smooth muscle are different. Cations of Pb, Cd or Zn introduced to the incubation medium instead of Mg2+ (5 mM) also stimulate both superprecipitation and ATPase activity but the level of the both processes decreases by 65%, 20% and 5%, respectively, as compared to control (i.e. in presence of Mg2+). It is probable that the cadmium, zinc and lead cations can substitute magnesium ions in the active centre of myosine as well as in the sections of significance for the process of superprecipitation of actomyosine. At the same time the substitution is less efficient for realization of the superprecipitation reaction and ATP-hydrolase process than when magnesium ions are available in the incubation medium. EDTA and EGTA do not remove the inhibiting effect of Pb2+, Cd2+ and Zn2+ on the contractile activity and ATP-hydrolase reaction of actomyosine complex of the uterus smooth muscle. The results obtained prove that the ions of heavy metals can effect the uterus smooth muscles at the stage of actin-myosine interaction.

[Effect of chelators of bivalent metal ions on the reaction of myometrium actomoysin superprecipitation]. / Vliianie khelatorov ionov dvykhvalentnykh metallov na reaktsiiu superpretsipitatsii aktomiozina miometriia.

Kinetic regularities of the reaction of superprecipitation of myometrium actomyosin, as well as the effect of different concentrations of EGTA, EDTA and diphosphonic acids on this process have been studied. Results obtained are of interest from the viewpoint of possible practical use of diphosphonates as factors modifying interaction of the contractile proteins of the uterus smooth muscles under the pathology of contractile response.

[Isolation and properties of lysyl-tRNA-synthetase from rabbit skeletal muscles]. / Vydelenie i svoistva lizil-tRNK-sintetazy iz skeletnykh myshts krolika.

A method is developed to isolate lysyl-tRNA-synthetase from 93-95%-purity postribosomal supernatant fraction of skeletal muscle homogenate in rabbit. Novelty of the method is the ATP usage for muscle homogenization, which permits shortening the number of operations during the enzyme isolation. The molecular weight of protein is 68 +/- 10 kDa, the monomer unit consists of 540 amino acids and contains a carbohydrate component.